groups and the spread in society. of homosexual conduct, and a third involving attempts to influence homosexual behavior by psychological and medical means. It is to be hoped that researchers in the latter category will not be duped, as too many have been, by the understandable impulse of unwilling human guinea pigs to get off the hook by coming to a point of giving the researcher the answers he wants, even where no real change in sexual orientation has taken place. The Westwood study has so far given strong statistical evidence against the theories that homosexuals come from unhappy homes, that they are homosexual merely because they are afraid of the opposite sex, and that homosexuals are effeminate. Westwood's study seems to indicate that those homosexuals most likely to get into trouble are those "who haven't accepted the idea that they are homosexuals and refuse to settle down with another man. "There are a large number of well-integrated homosexuals living unharrassed lives." (A Minority by G. Westwood, $7.00.)

Mr. Butler went on to say that for too many people today, the criminal law is the only bulwark of the moral law, therefore, it is dangerous to drop laws against sinful acts where moral restraints are weak. But this is missing the point that states have no business. enforcing moral codes which represent the religious bias of a segment of society, except as those enforcements deal with acts of clearly demonstrable social harm.

Mr. Greenwood (Lab.) hoped that Mr. Butler was not using research as an alibi for going slow on any real solutions. There was a general feeling that this was not the end of the reform proposal, based on the minority persuasion to continue

one

pressing for it, and on the government suggestion that after further research, some sort of reform would in time be needed... But how long?

KNOCKING THE GHOST

Ben Allen, a former Associated Press correspondent whom British intelligence officers had attempted to use in 1916 to defame Sir Roger Casement, Irish hero then on trial for his life, was among the few "authorities" allowed to examine the famous diaries recently. After keeping the diaries under cover for several years, a number of writers and others were shown them, and most of them concluded that the whole thing was too elaborate for forgery. But in 1916, while Casement was on trial for treason, and there was strong feeling in his favor in America, Adm. Sir Reginald Hall, chief of Naval Intelligence had shown parts of the alleged original diary to Allen, and urged him to publish it. Allen had said that he would only if he could get the other side of the story-in an interview with Casement himself. This was not allowed, and Allen refused to publish the diaries. Casement was hanged August 3, 1916, with the diaries never directly mentioned except as a rumor, which has grown through the years, as the diaries. themselves seem to have grown over the years from a few pages, to a full notebook, to two and then five notebooks.

But Ben Allen, who spent two hours recently pouring over the five musty notebooks, insists that they "don't remotely resemble the rolled manuscript pages I saw here 44 years ago." He said that the pages he saw in 1916 were of a different color and size, and fewer pages. He said he thought the pages he originally saw provided the basis "for